初中英语语法总复习|初中英语里什么是主动语态和被动语态

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　　：什么是主动语态和被动语态，相信很多同学在学习英语的过程中都有过这样一个疑问，下面我们一起看看这篇《什么是主动语态和被动语态》。

　　1.当主语是谓语动作的发出者时，我们称之为主动语态(主动句)。

　　We speak English.

　　我们讲英语。

　　(“讲”是主语“我们”发出的动作。)

　　He is writing a letter.

　　他下在写一封信。

　　(writing是主语He发出的动作。)

　　2. 当主语是谓语动作的承受者时，称之为被动语态(被动句)：在中文里相当于“…被…”的句子。

　　Class 1 was defeated.

　　一班被打败了。

　　(主语Class 1是defeted的承受者)

　　A hare was killed.

　　一只野兔被打死了。

　　(A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主语，但在意思上，A hare是killed的宾语，即等于：Someone killed a hare.)

　　3.大多数“主-动-宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。

　　(1)将原来的宾语变为主语，并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。

　　This factory produces machine tools.

　　→Machine tools are produced in this factory.

　　The found a wallet in the car.

　　→A wallet was found in the car.

　　They are repairingthe bridge.

　　→The bridge is being repaired.

　　They have repaired the bridge.

　　→The bridge has been repaired.

　　They often make fun of her.

　　→She is often made fun of.

　　He took great care of his books.

　　→His books were taken great care of.

　　→Great care was taken of his books.

　　(2)如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词，在变为被动句时，助动词不变，随后的主动词变为被动态。

　　They should do this right now.

　　→ This should bedone right now.

　　They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.

　　→The applicants maybe being interviewed at the moment.

　　They must have finished their work.

　　→Their work must have been finished

　　He is likely tolet you down.

　　→You are likely tobe let down.

　　(3)当主动句变被动句，如果要强调施动者，可将原句主语置于by- 词组中表达出来。

　　A boy found this wallet in the street.

　　→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.

　　(4)当主动句是一个“主-动-宾-宾”结构时，可以有两种形式。

　　Father gave me a toy yesterday.

　　→I was given a toy yesterday.

　　→A toy was given to me yesterday.

　　(5)当主动句是一个“主-动-宾-补”结构时，可将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，原来的宾语补语变为被动句里的主语补语。

　　They named the boy Tom.

　　→The boy was named Tom.

　　We painted the wall pink.

　　→The wall was painted pink.

　　三、在英语里，有些表达只能用主动语态。

　　The door won’t lock.门锁不上。

　　The cloth washes well.这布料很耐洗。

　　The drawer won’t open.这抽屉打不开。

　　His novel sells well.他的小说销路很好。

　　This paper tears easily.这纸一撕就破。

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